?????@?@?@?@?@?R?@???@???@???@?i???????@????j

                        ???[???A?h???X?@yamaguchi@fwu.ac.jp

??鍟�???@?@?S???w?E????S???w?E?F?m?S???w

????????@?@???? (aging) ????????F?m?@?\?i?L???j??蠅??@?@

?@?@?@?@?@?@?@  ?@ ????L?? (explicit memory) ?????L?? (implicit memory)

                     ?L???V?X?e????]

?@?@?@?@?@?@?@?@   ??N????????閹�????????B

?@?@?@?@?@?@?@   ?@?s?o?Z????S??

?S?????????@?@?u?L??????v   ?u ?p?[?\?i???e?C?_?v

?@?@?@?@?@?@?@?@?@?@?@   ?u????S???w?v  ?u??????@?w?v

?@?@?@?@?@?@?@?@?@?@   ?@?u?l??????[?~?i?[???i?S???w?j?v

?@?@?@?@?@?@?@?@?@?@     ?u??????????v?@?u ??????K?v

?w???E?w??

?@?@?@?@?P?X?V?S?N?R???@??B??w??w?@????w????????m???

                                  ????S???w??U?P??鎿�??w

?@?@?@?@?P?X?W?U?N?T???@???m???鎿�?i????w???m?j?@?i??B??w???鐗�??P?V???j

?@?@?@?@?P?X?W?U?N?T???`?P?X?W?V?N?T???@?J?i?_?@?g?????g??w?@(University?@of?@

?@?@?@?@?@?@?@?@?@?@?@?@?@Toronto)?艒??O???C?iFergus Craik?@???????????j

?@?@?@?@?Q?O?O?O?N?V???`?X???@?}?g??w?S???w?????艒??????C?@

     ?@?@?Q?O?O?U?N?V???`?X???@?J?i?_?@?g?????g??w????b?g?}????????

                                  ?iRotman Research Institute ?j?艒??O???C??\??

?@?@?@

?E??

?@?@?@?@?P?X?V?S?N?T???`?P?X?V?V?N?R???@??B??w????w???S???w??????????

?@?@?@?@?P?X?V?V?N?S???`?P?X?V?W?N?R???@???{?w?p?U??????????(??B??w?j

?@?@?@?@?P?X?V?W?N?S???`?P?X?W?V?N?X???@???????q??w???w????????

?@?@?@?@?P?X?W?V?N?P?O???`????@?@?@?@?@???????q??w???w??????

??v??????褋E????

?@?@?@?@?u?????b?S???w?@?S?@?L???v?@ ?????@??????w?o???

?@?@?@?@?u?w?K?S???w?v?@                      ?????@?T?C?G???X??

?@?@?@?@?u??????H?S???w?v?@              ?????@?k??H???[

?@?@?@?@?u???B??w?K?v?@                       ?????@?????o??

?@?@?@?@?u?L??????n?[?T???@?\?v?@      ?P???@??B??w?o???

?@?@?@?@?u?O???t?B?b?N?w?K?S???w?v?@      ?????@?T?C?G???X??

?@?@?@?@?u???????????L????蠅??v?@?@?P???@???????q??w???w???I?v

                                                              ?u???Y??v?z?v